Archive for November, 2001

Bowling together

Friday, November 30th, 2001 | Yoni Cohen

Some schmuck once told me “College is the best time your life.” Maybe they were right, maybe they were wrong. It seems to me that college-like every other opportunity-is what you make of it. No more, no less. But as an opportunity, it may indeed be the best we’ll ever have.

In his bestseller, “Bowling Alone,” Robert Putnam documents the national decline of civic engagement. The book’s premise, which the Lexington, Mass., author supports with ample evidence, is that Americans are less connected to each other and to their community than they once were. A host of factors-socioeconomic, political, and technological-contributed and continue to contribute to this decline of community.

Many of you have read Putnam’s book, as it is standard fare in several Washington University classes. I, however, was introduced to “Bowling Alone” this summer during the Century Institute’s Summer Program at Williams College. To prepare for the program, a two-week seminar on progressive politics, I was required to read a significant amount of background material, including Putnam’s work. Near the end of the session, Putnam himself came to Williamstown and addressed the program’s twenty-nine participants.

I had enjoyed his book tremendously and had looked forward to his visit. I too am from Lexington, Mass., and wanted to finally meet (ironic, eh?) Putnam. So I did, and we talked about his book and about the town in which we both live. But we did not “connect.” He was nice enough, but, unlike his book, not particularly engaging. We didn’t connect for many reasons, not least of which was the gap in age (and life experience) between us.

Herein lies the beauty of college, the opportunity for four-years of almost exclusive interaction with people our own age. The result is predictable: we students reject the social impulse to disconnect. Instead, we connect on Friday nights (and, if extra “lucky,” on Saturday mornings), in student groups and service organizations, and at places of scholarship and worship. We embrace each other and our community and form “friendships for a lifetime,” or so the schmuck would like me to believe.

But as there is truth in humor, there is truth in tackiness. I’ve made a couple friends I hope and expect to keep forever and have had a better time over the past five semesters than any period prior. I wrote this column not because I was inspired by Robert Putnam, but because I was inspired by another student, by an individual I have never met: Suzi Meyers. Last May, while in Washington conducting interviews for a summer job, I picked up a copy of the GW Journal, a publication produced by students at George Washington University. Each month, on its “views and voices” page, the Journal publishes student perspectives on a “hot topic.” Last May’s topic was, predictability, what students plan to do after year’s end. Suzi, at the time a senior only weeks away from graduation, explained her decision to attend a particular (unnamed) law school by reflecting upon what she found important during her time at GWU:

Sure I’ve spent the past four years piling up internships, activities, and honors to put on a resume. But I’ve also invested time and thought in people I value and beliefs I espouse. And in the long run, I think I’m going to remember talking with Rachael in J Street till five a.m., or the road trip to New York with Jon, Chris and Anna far longer than I’ll care about the implications of the 1956 Hungarian revolution. Education and personal advancement might put me in a more comfortable position in life, but rela- tionships will make me truly successful.

So they do. So bowl together, in college and beyond.

Yoni Cohen will be studying abroad in Kenya next semester and today’s piece is therefore his final editorial as a Student Life opinion editor.

Alcohol survey results tabulated and policies reviewed

Friday, November 30th, 2001 | James T. Madore

Last year, Vice Chancellor and Associate Provost James W. Davis appointed a task force to investigate alcohol and drug use at WU. The results of the Alcohol Awareness Survey, the committee’s primary activity, have been tabulated and the task force’s recommendations are currently under consideration.

The purpose of the task force, according to a memorandum released by David in Oct 1982, was “to review present policies and customs regarding alcohol and drug use by students at the University.”

The task force was composed of students and faculty. “The first thing we decided was we needed to do some sort of assessment to determine the use and or abuse of alcohol by students on campus,” said Carroll.

The task force wrote the questionnaire after consulting previous surveys and alcohol abuse programs instituted by other colleges and universities.

` Parker, chairman of the committee, explains, “the survey was optional and included students living off campus, in the dorms, fraternities and students apartments.”

Close to 950 students participated in the survey, which was administered in January 1983.

Students’ drinking habits and opinions about alcohol use were exhibited in the following survey responses:

-71 percent drink because they want to at social functions and 69 percent believe that there are enough alternatives to drinking-oriented activities on the campus.

-74 percent agreed that alternative beverages are available at social functions.

-Between 70 percent and 80 percent did not think alcohol was a factor in forming opinions about people.

-Thursday pm through Saturday pm was the most frequent time period for drinking. Room or small parties were favored by 60 percent on these nights; 29 percent went to large parties. The Rat and off-campus functions mustered less than 20 percent. 53 percent drank on two to three occasions during these evening with two to five drinks per occasion.

-An 80 percent majority of those surveyed felt relaxed or happy/high after drinking.

-Sunday am through Thursday p, was not a frequent drinking time (52 percent drank no alcohol). When students do drink, small or room parties on one occasion with two or three drinks apiece is common.

-No form of educational material fared extremely well with the students surveyed. Informal Discussion (favored by percent25) and Printed Material (30 percent) received the highest praise.

-68 percent of freshmen, 75-77 percent of sophomores and graduate students, and 78-79 percent of juniors and seniors drink.

-Of those who drink, 502 reside in dorms, 66 in frats, 17 at home, 62 in private apartments and 30 in University apartments. 194 live in dorms with about 10 non-drinkers in other forms of housing.

-52 percent of students began drinking regularly in high school; 37 percent in college.

-When asked to give their major reason for drinking, 85 percent said it was to relax, relieve tension, and have fun. Only 19 percent said their major reason was to get drunk.

-Generally, WU students rarely suffered from the consequences of alcohol use.

“We weren’t surprised by the results,” Parker said. “and what’s encouraging is the steps that groups have taken in the past year to alleviate the pressure to drink at parties. At many parties alternative beverages and food is offered, so if you don’t want to drink, you don’t have to.”

Parker also stressed the importance of ID checks and proctors at parties. “I see students accepting responsibility for their actions and for their friends,” she said.

Judicial Administrator John Garganigo agrees that patrols by the Interfraternity Council and policing of the South 40 are encouraging steps. However, he stressed that much of the problem stems from our society.

“Our society is very permissive towards alcohol. They don’t see the dangers of it,” Garganigo said.

“A great number of the cases I handled last year dealt with actions related directly to abuse of alcohol. These students, for example, went to parties and drank a little too much. They got out of control; fights started and WU property was damaged.”

“The number of people who are involved with drinking might be considerable, but the number who abuse alcohol and are destructive is very small.”

The cases that come to the Judicial Administrator are a result of charges being filed against a student. If the situation is a serious one, then he can refer it to the Judicial Board, which has the power to expel and suspend.

Garganigo explains that he does not have that power. “I can levy fines or impose penalties like community service work, but m y powers are limited to one of these mans.”

To increase awareness of alcohol and drug abuse the task force in its final report made the following recommendations.

-Establishment of a highly visible alcohol education program. “This program would include expanded training programs for Resident Advisors and alcohol counselors and small group discussion,” the report said.

-Encourage the academic community to offer additional courses on alcohol and drug use.

We urge top officials to support the development of alcohol and drug abuse counselors

Establishment of an on going committee composed of student leaders, faculty, and staff to recommend guidelines for the university.

These recommendations are currently being considered by the administration and various student organizations.

The task force was disbanded in April of 1983, having completed its work.

What is the most effective final exam?

Friday, November 30th, 2001 | Aaron Johnson

“I prefer presentations where you are forced to speak extemporaneously. The stress of public speaking is enough to erase all preparation and leave you only with what you know.”
Laura Goldstein
Class of 2003

“I hate when the teacher gives you, like seven essay topics and only assigns three in class. There are no shortcuts, it forces you to really learn the material.”
Jason Elster
Class of 2002

“I think finals that are cumulative are horrible because the amount that you need to study is so much that while you may do well on the test, you leave with nothing.”
Lindsey Firestone
Class of 2003, Yale University

It’s time to justify academics as usual

Friday, November 30th, 2001 | Aaron Johnson
Bob Flynn

Every December and May students at WU roam around campus sleep-deprived and stressed-out. Looking in the vacant eyes of these dedicated students leaves doubt as to whether a night spent cramming for a final was an educational experience. Do the grades that these tests yield properly reflect what a student has learned? These questions are on the floor-does a bombardment of final examinations do justice in representing and rehashing a student’s mastery of class material?

Let it be stated that this article is written, not out of laziness or rebellion, but out of practicality. Students put forth a sustained effort throughout the semester and, in the end, have to step it up even more to prepare for a single test that could make or break their grade. To add to the stress, most final examinations are given within a one-week period, leaving the average WU student who takes 15 credits five finals to study for within five days. Learning in this way, by cramming immense amounts of information into one eight-pound brain within a week, changes the way that students approach material. They no longer read King Lear to gain appreciation, but rather to pass their next test. Students don’t apply the knowledge that they acquire, but rather they use it and lose it in time to make room for their next exam. This style of learning lends to the degradation of knowledge.

It is understood that meny pedagogical goals are served by more standard exam formats. Prior to each exam, however, professors should tell the students the intent of the test; they must justify their implicit encouragement of cramming, whether it be an essay assignment or an in-class multiple-choice marathon. Students should have the right to know if they are being tested for comprehension, computation, or application. This last option-where students can apply what they are learning-seems best for a thorough learning experience. And application enforces more general learning because it demands preliminary mastery of the basic concepts of a class.

Take language immersion programs or experiential educational curriculum, for example. These educational methods are more effective in imparting knowledge. With hand-held computers, the need for memorization is waning while the need for application is waxing.

Alternatives to the conventional multiple choice or blue-booklet exams are currently being offered on campus, but are not the norm. Final projects, research papers, and simulations are both accepted and profitable to students. Regardless of preference, these changes would allow students who pride themselves on academics to put forth the effort and receive the proper credit for their work.

Part of the problem with the existing finals system lies in timing. When bubbles and tests blur together, a mess of detached information is left whose only application is served on a scantron.

Ask a student what she learned in a class first semester last year. Odds are that she will spit out generalizations without context, or opinions without substantiation. This is not only unfair to the students, who come to WU for an educational investment, but to the teachers who spend their time lecturing and grading student development. Also, such exams do an injustice to future employers, graduate schools, or professional schools that look to scholastic performance to gauge the quality of their applicant. The unproportional weight put on finals does not represent the effort and work done throughout a majority of the semester, but only what one can produce in the last week. Since the knowledge represented on report cards is short-term, the validity of grades as measurements is devalued. Conventional tests only test one’s ability to take tests.

WU is a progressive university that should consider alternative testing measures. This request is on behalf of the students in concern for their health and education, but also on behalf of the faculty and administrators who genuinely care about quality education.

Alternative approaches to structuring academic life at the university

From the Dartmouth College website (www.dartmouth.edu):

A flexible academic schedule (the Dartmouth Plan) is possible through the use of a year-round calendar consisting of four ten-week academic terms (fall, winter, spring, and summer). Students include terms of on-campus study, off-campus study in Dartmouth programs or at other institutions, and vacation terms in their individual Dartmouth Plans. Sixty-three percent of all Dartmouth students participate in at least one of the approximately 45 different off-campus options.

From the Brown University website (www.brown.edu):

Brown’s unique curriculum, designed and implemented in 1969, provides students the opportunity to become architects of their educational experience. Undergraduates must pass 30 courses, demonstrate competency in writing, and complete the requirements for a concentration, or major, in order to receive a bachelor’s degree from Brown. The curriculum does not require distribution or core courses outside the concentration.

Brown recently implemented the University Courses program in order to consolidate various curricular initiatives and to provide a framework to help students and their advisors in planning a program of study consistent with the goals of a liberal education. University Courses emphasize synthesis rather than survey and focus on the methods, concepts, and values employed in understanding a particular topic, theme, or issue.

World Briefs

Friday, November 30th, 2001 | Aaron Johnson

CIA operative killed in Afghan prison riot, first U.S. combat death in Afghanistan
WASHINGTON (AP) – CIA officer Johnny “Mike” Spann was killed in a prison riot at Mazar-e-Sharif in northern Afghanistan, the CIA said Wednesday. Spann is the first American known to be killed in action inside the country since U.S. bombing began.
U.S. officials recovered his body Wednesday, several hours after northern slliance rebels backed by U.S. airstrikes and special forces quelled rioting by Taliban and al-Qaida prisoners.
The CIA provided no details on the circumstances of Spann’s death.
CIA Director George J. Tenet addressed agency employees Wednesday morning. He called Spann an American hero and said his fellow officers should “continue the mission that Mike Spann held” sacred.
“And so we will continue our battle against evil with renewed strength and spirit,” Tenet told colleagues, according to a CIA statement.
The flag outside CIA headquarters at McLean, Va., flew at half-staff.
Spann, 32, of Winfield, Ala., joined the CIA in June 1999 and had served in the Marine Corps. He left behind a widow and three children.
The riot at the prison began Sunday when hundreds of Pakistanis, Chechens, Arabs and other non-Afghans, who had fought with the Taliban, were brought to the fortress after the weekend surrender of Kunduz, the Islamic militia’s last stronghold in the north.
Once inside, the men broke loose, stormed the armory and rose up against their alliance captors.
Spann was in the complex where Taliban prisoners were being held and questioned, the CIA said.
Hundreds of inmates held out for days, despite U.S. bombing and assault by thousands of alliance fighters. U.S. special forces and other troops, believed to be British, took part in the battle and coordinated airstrikes.
Five U.S. soldiers were seriously wounded Monday when a U.S. bomb went astray, exploding near the Americans. They were evacuated to a U.S. military hospital in Germany.
The alliance recaptured most of the prison by Tuesday, but a last few fighters were holding out in the deepest recesses of the prison. Hundreds of prisoners and dozens of alliance fighters were believed dead. University of Texas says it’s finished with affirmative action
AUSTIN, Texas (AP) – After years of appeals, the University of Texas said Tuesday that it is finished fighting its landmark court battle over affirmative action.
The decision effectively ends the case named for Cheryl Hopwood and three other whites who sued the university’s law school in 1992, saying they were denied admission because of a policy that gave preferential treatment to less-qualified Hispanic and black applicants.
The lawsuit wound up before the 5th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals, which in 1996 rejected the university’s contention that it should be allowed to consider race in admissions.
The so-called Hopwood ruling didn’t block the school from using race as a factor in admissions, but prompted public colleges and universities in Texas to drop affirmative action policies.
The ruling was allowed to stand in 1996 by the U.S. Supreme Court, which refused to hear another challenge by the university in June.
“We vigorously pursued appeals, arguing the complex issues surrounding affirmative action, to resolve these important issues for the nation at large,” Faulkner said. “The Hopwood case will clearly not be the one that leads to this resolution.”
Attorney Steve W. Smith, who represents two of the Hopwood plaintiffs, said he had hoped the Supreme Court would settle the issue.
“That didn’t happen, so that would be a disappointment,” Smith said. But he said the case “began to raise the question of, if not affirmative action, what?”
The Hopwood plaintiffs had argued that they were denied enrollment because the law school favored less-qualified minority applicants. While parts of their argument were rejected, a federal judge found the university had an unconstitutional admissions policy.
After the Hopwood ruling, public universities in Texas dropped affirmative action programs and later blamed the move for a drop in minority enrollment. Since 1996, Texas has operated under a state attorney general’s opinion saying race cannot be used in admissions, financial aid decisions and scholarships.
However, universities have recently been able to boost minority enrollment through laws that grant automatic admission to the top 10 percent of high school graduates.

Former Harvard Medical School professor convicted of killing estranged wife

(U-WIRE) CAMBRIDGE, Mass. – A former Harvard Medical School (HMS) faculty member, whose case has drawn national attention because of his hidden life as a cross-dresser, was found guilty on Tuesday of the July 2000 killing of his estranged wife. The verdict came despite his claim that he was clinically insane at the time of the murder.
Dr. Richard Sharpe, 47, had been a part-time HMS clinical instructor affiliated with Beth Israel Hospital from 1993 to June 2000. He also completed his dermatology residency at Harvard in the late 1980s.
HMS spokesperson John Lacey on Wednesday emphasized that Sharpe was no longer a faculty member at the time of his wife’s death. The school had dropped Sharpe as an instructor after deciding he had not spent enough time on HMS-related duties.
“It would be inappropriate for the school to comment on the verdict,” he said.
During the trial, Sharpe’s attorneys claimed that years of physical and verbal abuse at the hands of his father had led to Sharpe developing six mental illnesses, including depression, borderline personality disorder and intermittent explosive disorder. Defense witnesses, including Sharpe’s siblings, testified to his childhood abuse.
However, prosecutors argued that Sharpe’s murder of his 44-year-old wife Karen was a calculated and planned response to his wife’s refusal to hand over $3 million she had received as part of their divorce settlement. They argued that Sharpe had made efforts to disguise his premeditation and that he later faked symptoms of mental illness to impress psychiatrists and the jury.
When he took the stand in his own defense, Sharpe claimed to have few memories from the night of the killing. “I heard the gun go off,” Sharpe said in his testimony. “I think the noise sort of woke me up a little bit. I heard the noise and I left.”
After three weeks of testimony, the Essex County jury deliberated for 10 hours over two days before delivering its guilty verdict in the trial.

Auburn U. trustees discuss racial incidents at fraternities

(U-WIRE) AUBURN, Ala. – Heated conversations at the Auburn University Board of Trustees’ Nov. 14 meeting focused primarily on incidents of alleged discrimination by two fraternities.
The meeting was the first since Beta Theta Pi and Delta Sigma Phi fraternities were suspended by the university and their national chapters after some of their members dressed in blackface. A Delta Sigma Phi member dressed in Ku Klux Klan regalia. Fraternity members involved in the incidents have been suspended from the university.
“I feel an issue such as this can only be addressed from the heart,” said SGA President Brandon Riddick-Seals, who is an ex-officio member of the board. “I understand this has invoked a lot of emotion. I cannot remove myself from the fact that I am an African-American.”
Despite the controversy surrounding the issue, it is Auburn’s problem and Auburn should be allowed to handle the matter, Riddick-Seals said. He also said the matter should not be taken as an opportunity to grandstand or be used as “a realm for pomp and circumstance.”
Several trustees discussed the issue, commending both Riddick-Seals and trustee Byron Franklin, the only black board member.
During the discussion, Franklin, normally quiet during board meetings, spoke out against the fraternities and said they should not be allowed to return to campus until 2005.
“I have not had any sleep since this took place,” Franklin said. “It has challenged me as a man and challenged my heritage.”
Franklin said he hoped university leaders would work more diligently to create a more diverse environment.

Announcements

Friday, November 30th, 2001 | Aaron Johnson

Sunday, December 2
WU’s Acoustic City Concert Series. 8:00 p.m. Ike’s Place. Boston’s Peter Mulvey and Karen Savoca perform. Free for WU students, faculty and staff. Tickets available through METROTIX at 534-1111.

Police Beat

Friday, November 30th, 2001 | Aaron Johnson

Wednesday, November 14
3:42 P.M., LARCENY-THEFT, MALLINCKRODT CENTER-Unknown person(s) took one of the two double doors (3 feet by 7 feet) on the east side entrance of the Gargoyle, located inside of the Mallinckrodt center. Loss estimated at $1,500.

ACCIDENT AUTO, PARKING LOT #8-Vice chancellor for Arts and Sciences reported that an unknown vehicle had struck his 1992 Toyota Camry while it was parked on lot #8 at one of the spots along the curb on the east side of Brown. The accident occurred between 5:15 p.m. and 8:45 p.m. on this date. The Toyota Camry was damaged around the driver’s side front bumper and the driver’s side front light. No estimate of damage available at this time.
Friday, November 16
7:20 a.m., PROPERTY DAMAGE , PARKING LOT #21-Reporting party stated that between 4:30 p.m. November 15 and 6:30 a.m. November 16, person(s) unknown sprayed a fire extinguisher inside an electrical closet, possibly causing damage to a transformer. The unknown person(s) also stole three hard hats. No witness(es) were located. Estimated loss not known at this time.

4:39 p.m., ACCIDENT AUTO, SNOW WAY GARAGE-The victim’s vehicle, a silver, 2001, Lexus, IS300, Illinois license SHAUN 80, was parked on top of the Snow Way Garage. An unknown vehicle struck the rear of the Lexus and left the scene. The accident occurred between 5:00 p.m., November 15 and 1:00 p.m., November 16.
Sunday, November 18
10:05 a.m., LARCENY-THEFT, MILLBROOK OVERPASS-A student reported that on November 17 at 7:00 p.m., she secured her Blue Outback Mountain Bike on the Millbrook Overpass steps. When she returned on November 18 at 9:50 a.m., some unknown person(s) cut her bike lock off. Loss estimated $450.

4:19 p.m., PROPERTY DAMAGE, WOMEN’S BUILDING-Assistant vice chancellor for students reported unknown person(s) had damaged one of her office windows located on the first floor southeast side of the building. Occurred sometime between 6:00 p.m., November 16 and 3:00 p.m., November 18. Maintenance responded to tape the window until it could be fixed or replaced.
Monday, November 19
8:58 a.m., PROPERTY DAMAGE, LOUDERMAN HALL-Person(s) unknown threw a bike seat through the west side glass window damaging it. Maintenance notified. Amount of damage unknown.
Tuesday, November 20
1:56 a.m., PROPERTY DAMAGE, WOHL CENTER-Several students were engaging in horseplay outside the west door of the Bears Den and one student was shoved into the door, cracking the glass. The involved students fled the area. Maintenance was notified.
Wednesday, November 22
8:45 p.m., ARREST, CHARLES F. KNIGHT EXECUTIVE EDUCATION CENTER-After receiving a call reporting a suspicious female at the Charles Knight Center, the suspect, a non-WU affiliate, was taken into custody. Record check reflected a “Failure to Appear” bench warrant.

Wednesday, November 28

5:30 p.m., DISTURBANCE, PSYCHOLOGY BUILDING-Three students became involved in a disturbance/assault over personal matters. Officers responded. The three subjects were arrested and released. The incident will be referred to the Judicial Administrator.

Fall has left the vicinity

Friday, November 30th, 2001 | Aaron Johnson
Anthony Jacuzzi

Panel discusses U.S. actions against terrorism

Friday, November 30th, 2001 | Aaron Johnson

A panel of four professors and graduate students debated among each other and an energetic audience as part of a discussion on the current U.S. actions against international terrorism.

According to Mike Ewens, president of College Libertarians, who sponsored the event, what made the debate successful was the stark diversity of opinions on the panel.

The panel consisted of four speakers: Professor of Biology Danny Kohl and engineering graduate student Stephen Carson, both against the war, and law student Eric Lobsigner and Northwestern University Professor of Law Adam Mossoff, both in support of the war.

The panelists represented a diversity of political ideologies, from socialist to libertarian to objectivist.

“We succeeded in the goal of showing that there are four, if not more, views on this [war],” said Evans. He said that a main reason for drafting the idea for the panel was because he felt too many students on campus saw only two views on the war: either you were for it, or you were against it.

“What’s really important are the premises,” said Evans. “Two people may come to the same conclusion, but use different reasoning. [There] are important distinctions in-between [being for war or against it].”

“It was a good debate, and it’s surprisingly rare to find a true, lively debate on campus,” said sophomore Aaron Michelson.

The panel discussed one main issue: assuming the U.S. was justified in responding to the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center, what should the recourse be for the victims of American terrorism, theoretical or otherwise?

Students in attendance disagreed over the extent to which U.S. policies on terrorism by foreigners had to be applied to its own actions, and when normal legal procedures should be superceded by military justice.

Other issues addressed included the probability of fighting a just war, the feasibility of nation building, how the media has handled the crisis, how and if western civilization should build bridges to Islam, and when the right and moral time is to intervene in a conflict.

Evans said that the College Libertarians hope to host more such discussions

Contact Aaron at [email protected]

85,000 baby teeth found at WU

Friday, November 30th, 2001 | Mayya Kawar

If the tooth fairy had flown into the dark, musty Washington University storage facility in May along with some administrators on a spring cleaning mission, her reaction would have been similar to someone who had just won the enamel lottery, as 85,000 thousand baby teeth were discovered in an ammunition bunker at WU’s Tyson Research Center.

But had the tooth fairy known what was in store for the teeth, Andrew Johnstone, the biology department business manager, said her response should have been, “Whoa, this is going to cost me.”

For Johnstone, one of the people who discovered the teeth, it was an eerie portal to the past. The teeth are the forgotten remains of the world-famous St. Louis Baby Tooth Survey, which took place from 1958 to 1970.

At the height of the Cold War, the United States set off over 200 atmospheric nuclear tests at their Nevada Test Site. The Baby Tooth Survey was developed in order to determine the effect of nuclear fallout on humans, specifically children.

With the campaigning of the Citizens Committee for Nuclear Information, the scientific analysis of Harold Rosenthal, biochemist for WU’s former School of Dentistry, and the funding of the U.S. Public Health Service and Leukemia Society of Missouri and Illinois, the survey materialized and received an incredible response. By its end, the project had collected almost 300,000 baby teeth mostly from the St. Louis area.

The project’s purpose was to measure the amount of radioactive material absorbed by humans, most specifically investigating Strontium 90. Created by bomb blasts, Strontium 90 is readily absorbed by the growing teeth of fetuses and infants. It is a harmful material itself, but more importantly, it is an indicator of exposure to hazardous substances such as radioactive iodine.

Rosenthal found that the amount of Strontium 90 in the children’s teeth was directly related to the amount of nuclear testing in the year of their birth. This discovery significantly contributed to the public appeal for a moratorium on nuclear tests and led to the Limited Nuclear Test Ban Treaty that President Kennedy signed in 1963.

The project came to an abrupt halt in 1970, during the Nixon administration, when its funding grant was cut. The remaining teeth were shipped to the Tyson Center for long term storage, where they remained for over three decades until they were unearthed in May.

The administrators found “piles and piles” of cardboard boxes full of manila envelopes containing the teeth. Johnstone said that the teeth did not smell bad, but he was unable to comment on the presence of cavities: “I didn’t look too closely at them.”

Johnstone rejected the prospect that other body parts could be in the bunker as well, (i.e. fingernails or eyelashes). Instead, the other contents of the bunker were uninteresting, mostly old chairs and broken pieces of equipment. Johnstone described the storage facility as a one-way street, in that most objects that are sent to the bunker never return. The baby teeth, however, are an exception.

Knowing he had stumbled onto something significant, Johnstone contacted Professor of Biology Daniel Kohl on whether or not to throw the teeth away. Kohl urged him not to do this, because he believed that the teeth were “an immensely valuable resource.” Kohl contacted Barry Commoner, the mastermind behind the Baby Tooth Study, and together they decided to donate the teeth to the Radiation and Public Health Project in New York.

The original baby tooth study determined the presence of radioactive materials. What it did not do, however, was link the presence of radioactive material in teeth to health problems.

The Radiation and Public Health Project hopes to rectify that. The project plans to conduct a follow up study on the effect of absorption of radioactive materials in the body. They hope to contact the owners of the teeth to determine whether there is a high correlation between the amount of Strontium 90 in the tooth and the owner’s health.

So far, the project has received 1,500 e-mails from participants of the original study, willing to participate again. Project director Jay Gould said he can’t wait to get started.

“There’s so much we don’t know,” said Gould, referring to the health effects of radioactive substances. He said he believes that increased occurrences of breast cancer in women and earlier appearance of prostate cancer in men are results of the exposure.

Gould admitted that someone currently of college age likely had Strontium 90 present in his or her baby teeth as a result of the nuclear reactors.

Many people are very excited about the possibilities this study holds. “It could turn out to be a monumental study,” said Kohl. However, the investigation is not without its downside. In the process of testing for radioactivity, the teeth will be destroyed. Undoubtedly, the tooth fairy would not approve

Contact Mayya at [email protected].